How To Recognize A Pipeline Leak
Sight
Natural gas and Highly Volatile Liquids (HVL) are colorless and nearly invisible to the eye. Small leaks can be identified by looking for dying or discolored vegetation in a naturally green area. Hazardous liquids produce a strong sheen or film standing on a body of water.
An HVL leak may be identified by a fog-like vapor cloud in areas of high humidity. Natural gas is colorless, but blowing dirt around a pipeline area may be observed, or vapor and “ground frosting” may be visible at high pressures, regardless of temperature.
Other ways to recognize a leak may include: water bubbling up or standing in an unusual area, a mist or vapor cloud, a powerful fire or explosion with dense smoke plumes, or an area of petroleum-stained ground.
Sound
The volume of a pipeline leak can range from a quiet hissing to a loud roar, depending on the size and nature of the leak.
Smell
An unusual smell, petroleum or gaseous odor will sometimes accompany pipeline leaks. Natural Gas and HVLs are colorless, tasteless and odorless unless odorants, such as Mercaptan, are added.
Most HVLs contain a slight hydro-carbon or pungent odor. Most are non-toxic; however, products such as ammonia are toxic and can burn the senses when seeking out moisture (eyes, nose or lungs). If inhaled, HVLs may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning.
Additional Resources
- Identified Sites Registry
- National Emergency Number Association
- National Pipeline Mapping System
- CoRE - Pipeline Safety Training
- Additional Pipeline Safety Information
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